In Cleveland and the surrounding townships — Newburgh, Warrensville, and the small settlements along the lake — Manx emigrants formed what later accounts described as a community bound by their own Gaelic language, which they used almost exclusively with each other. City censuses counted ninety-five Manx-born residents of Cleveland in 1846, a hundred and forty-eight by 1848, though most of the Manx settled outside the city proper. Eventually, the Encyclopedia of Cleveland History recorded, there were over three thousand Manx and their descendants. Kinvig, writing in 1954, noted that the Manx use of their own language had given them a reputation for clannishness.